Txog li qub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab qhov xwm txheej corrosive, tiv thaiv xeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj. Yog tias cov khoom siv hlau ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem xaiv raug, qhov tsis saib xyuas me me tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas, lossis ua rau muaj xwm txheej lossis txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj. Raws li cov txheeb cais txheeb ze, kwv yees li 60% ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev xeb. Yog li, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj. Feem ntau yog kev nkag siab yuam kev tias cov hlau tsis huv yog" cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb&";, Tsis hais txog qhov nruab nrab thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, nws tsis raug thiab txaus ntshai. Nov yog qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau qee qhov siv tshuaj lom neeg tshaj plaws:
1.Sulfuric acid nruab nrab," Raws li ib qho ntawm cov xov xwm muaj zog corrosive, sulfuric acid yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb uas muaj ntau yam siv. Qhov sib txawv thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm sulfuric acid muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev xeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Rau cov tshuaj sulfuric acid uas muaj cov concentration ntau dua 80% thiab qhov kub tsawg dua 80 ° C, cov pa roj carbon thiab cov hlau cam khwb cia muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, tab sis nws tsis haum rau kev kub ceev ntws sulfuric acid. Nws tsis haum rau siv raws li cov khoom siv rau lub twj tso kua mis; cov hlau tsis zoo tib yam xws li 304 (0Cr18Ni9) thiab 316 (0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti) tau txwv tsis pub siv sulfuric acid media. Yog li ntawd, cov twj tso kua mis rau thauj cov kua qaub sulfuric feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau uas muaj silicon siab (nyuaj rau nrum thiab txheej txheem) thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau hlau siab (hlau 20). Fluoroplastics muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau sulfuric acid, thiab nws yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig dua los siv cov tshuaj fluorine-lined twj tso kua mis (F46). Yog tias lub siab siab dhau thiab qhov kub tau nce siab, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv lub yas yas yuav cuam tshuam, thiab koj tsuas tuaj yeem xaiv cov pob zeb ceramic uas kim dua.
2.Hydrochloric acid nruab nrab. Cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau tsis tiv taus cov tshuaj hydrochloric acid (suav nrog ntau yam khoom siv hlau tsis huv), thiab high-silicon ferro-molybdenum tuaj yeem siv tau hauv hydrochloric acid qis dua 50 ° C thiab 30%. Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hydrochloric acid, yog li cov twj siv roj hmab thiab cov twj yas (xws li polypropylene, fluoroplastics, thiab lwm yam) yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev thauj cov tshuaj hydrochloric. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntau dua 150 ° C, lossis lub siab ntau dua 16 kg, ib qho yas (suav nrog polypropylene, fluoroplastics thiab txawm tias polytetrafluoroethylene) yuav tsis muaj peev xwm, thiab tsis muaj lub valve zoo tagnrho hauv khw. , Tab sis koj tuaj yeem sim cov khoom siv pob zeb uas tsim tawm tshiab. Qhov zoo ntawm lub valve no yog nws tus kheej lubricating, lub zog qis, tsis muaj hnub nyoog, thiab lub neej ntev dua li qub li qub. Nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias tus nqi ntau dua li cov yas yas.
3.Nitric acid nruab nrab Feem ntau cov hlau tau nrawm nrawm thiab ua kom puas hauv nitric acid. Stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv dav siv nitric acid tiv taus. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo rau txhua qhov ntau ntawm nitric acid ntawm chav sov. Nws tsim nyog hais txog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau uas muaj molybdenum (Xws li 316, 316L) qhov kev txhim kho corrosion ntawm nitric acid tsis zoo dua li cov hlau tsis zoo tib yam (xws li 304, 321), qee zaum txawm tias qis dua. Rau qhov kub thiab txias nitric acid, cov khoom siv titanium thiab titanium alloy feem ntau yog siv.
4.Acetic acid nruab nrab yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj corrosive tshaj plaws hauv cov organic acids. Cov hlau tsis zoo yuav raug corroded hnyav hauv acetic acid ntawm txhua qhov ntau thiab qhov kub. Stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv zoo heev uas muaj cov kua qaub uas tiv taus cov kua qaub. 316 stainless hlau uas muaj molybdenum kuj tsim nyog rau qhov kub thiab txias. Thiab dilute acetic acid vapor. Rau qhov xav tau kev xav tau xws li kub thiab siab concentration ntawm acetic acid lossis lwm yam xov xwm corrosive, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis zoo lossis cov twj fluoroplastic tuaj yeem siv tau.
5.Alkali (sodium hydroxide) hlau tau siv dav hauv sodium hydroxide daws hauv qab 80 ° C thiab 30% kev mloog zoo. Kuj tseem muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag petrochemical uas tseem siv cov hlau zoo tib yam thaum qhov ntsuas kub qis dua 100 ° C thiab 75%. Txawm hais tias corrosion nce, nws yog kev lag luam. zoo. Kev tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo ib yam rau lye tsis muaj qhov pom tau zoo piv nrog cov hlau cam khwb cia. Tsuav yog cov hlau me me tau tso cai sib xyaw hauv nruab nrab, cov hlau tsis zoo tsis pom zoo. Rau qhov kub thiab txias, titanium thiab titanium alloy lossis high-alloy stainless hlau feem ntau siv.
6.Ammonia (Ammonia Hydroxide)" Feem ntau cov hlau thiab tsis yog hlau muaj qhov xeb me ntsis hauv cov kua ammonia thiab ammonia (Ammonia Hydroxide). Tsuas yog tooj liab thiab tooj liab tooj liab tsis haum rau siv.
7.Chlorine (kua tshuaj chlorine) Feem ntau cov hlau hlau muaj qhov txwv tsis pub tiv thaiv tshuaj chlorine, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj chlorine nrog dej, suav nrog ntau yam sib xyaw li qub. Hauv qhov no, PTFE li qub yog qhov kev xaiv zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nroj tsuag tshuaj uas tsim cov tshuaj chlor-alkali yuav pom tias lub PTFE valve siv sijhawm ntev me ntsis thiab lub zog nce ntxiv, thiab teeb meem ntawm PTFE kev laus yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov xau uas tshwm sim hauv rooj plaub no ua rau neeg tuag taus. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los hloov qhov qub qub PTFE-hlua kab nrog PTFE-kab hlua cov pob ceramic, thiab tus kheej lub lubricating cov cuab yeej ntawm ceramics thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm PTFE yuav muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo meej.
8.Salt dej (dej hiav txwv) .Qhov xeb ntawm cov hlau zoo tib yam hauv sodium chloride tov, dej hiav txwv thiab dej ntsev tsis siab heev, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm xim; txhua yam ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau kuj tseem muaj qis qis qis qis, tab sis nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim yog chloride ions Corrosion, feem ntau yog 316 stainless hlau yog qhov zoo dua.
9.Al cawv, ketones, esters thiab ethers. Cov cawv cawv muaj xws li methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, thiab lwm yam, ketone media suav nrog acetone, butanone, thiab lwm yam, thiab ester media suav nrog ntau yam methyl esters, Ethyl thiab lwm yam ether media suav nrog methyl ether, ethyl ether, butyl ether, thiab lwm yam Lawv yog cov uas tsis xeb, thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau tuaj yeem siv tau. Thaum xaiv, qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm thiab lwm yam kev xav tau. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias ketones, esters, thiab ethers tau yaj nyob hauv ntau yam tshuaj txhuam hniav, yog li qhov yuam kev yuav tsum raug zam thaum xaiv cov khoom sib khi.
Muaj ntau ntau lwm yam xov xwm uas tsis tuaj yeem nthuav qhia ntawm no. Hauv ntej, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab thiab dig muag thaum xaiv cov khoom. Koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam ntau dua lossis kawm los ntawm kev paub dhau los.